Assessment of Hematological Parameters and Immune Cell CD Markers in Iraqi patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22401/Keywords:
AML , Hematological Parameters , CD Markers , Immunophenotyping , Flowcytometry, CBCAbstract
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous hematologic malignancy characterized by varying genetic and immunophenotypic profiles. This study includes 120 participants classified into 40 healthy subjects, 40 newly diagnosed AML, and 40 treated AML patients analyzed demographic characteristics, hematological parameters, and immunological biomarkers in newly diagnosed and treated AML patients in a Baghdad teaching hospital, Baghdad, Iraq. From the period of December 2023 and March 2024. The results revealed statistically significant differences (P value <0.05). CD marker analysis revealed high positivity rates for CD33, CD13, CD117, MPO, and CD64 in AML patients, with CD33 being the most frequent marker. No statistically significant differences were found in HB, monocytes, and PLT counts across the in both groups (P Value >0.05). The study underscores the significance of regular assessment of parameters for effective diagnosis and treatment, highlighting the potential of CD33 and CD13 as therapeutic targets in AML.
References
[1] Trempenau, M. L.; Schuster, M. B.; Pundhir, S.; Pereira, M. A.; Kalvisa, A.; Tapia, M.; Su, J.; Ge, Y.; de Boer, B.; Balhuizen, A.; Bagger, F. O.; Shliaha, P.; Sroczynska, P.; Walfridsson, J.; Grønbæk, K.; Theilgaard-Mönch, K.; Jensen, O. N.; Helin, K.; Porse, B. T. "The histone demethylase KDM5C functions as a tumor suppressor in AML by repression of bivalently marked immature genes." Leukemia, 37(3): 593–605, 2023.
[2] Mjali, A.; Al-Shammari, H. H. J.; Abbas, N. T.; Azeez, Z. D.; Abbas, S. K. "Leukemia Epidemiology in Karbala province of Iraq." Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Care, 4(4): 135–139, 2019.
[3] Singh, A.; Rappolee, D. A.; Ruden, D. M. "Epigenetic Reprogramming in Mice and Humans: From Fertilization to Primordial Germ Cell Development." Cells, 12(14): 1874, 2023.
[4] Mohammad, T. K.; Mahmood, A. H.; Elew, G. F.; Al-Khalidi, S. J.; “A Study on the Prevalence of Acute Leukemia Among a Group of Iraqi Patients”. J. Al-Nahrain Uni. Sci. 12(2): 107-112, 2009.
[5] Sarma, A.; Hazarika, M.; Das, D.; Kumar Rai, A.; Sharma, J. D.; Bhuyan, C.; Kataki, A. C. "Expression of aberrant CD markers in acute leukemia: a study of 100 cases with immunophenotyping by multiparameter flowcytometry." Cancer Biomarkers, 15(4): 501–505, 2015.
[6] Hamed, E. O.; El-Deen, A. F.; Hamed, E. O.; El-Deen, A. F. "Flow Cytometric Diagnosis of Acute Leukemia and Aberrant Antigen: Sohag University Experience." Open Journal of Blood Diseases, 8(2): 37–48, 2018.
[7] Herrmann, H.; Sadovnik, I.; Eisenwort, G.; Rülicke, T.; Blatt, K.; Herndlhofer, S.; Willmann, M.; Stefanzl, G.; Baumgartner, S.; Greiner, G.; Schulenburg, A.; Mueller, N.; Rabitsch, W.; Bilban, M.; Hoermann, G.; Streubel, B.; Vallera, D. A.; Sperr, W. R.; Valent, P. "Delineation of target expression profiles in CD34+/CD38- and CD34+/CD38+ stem and progenitor cells in AML and CML." Blood Advances, 4(20): 5118–5132, 2020.
[8] Rahmani, M.; Talebi, M.; Hagh, M. F.; Feizi, A. A. H.; Solali, S. "Aberrant DNA methylation of key genes and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia." Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 97: 1493–1500, 2018.
[9] Herrmann, H.; et al. "Delineation of target expression profiles in CD34+/CD38- and CD34+/CD38+ stem and progenitor cells in AML and CML." Blood Advances, 4(20): 5118–5132, 2020.
[10] Pierscianek, D.; Teuber-Hanselmann, S.; Ahmadipour, Y.; Darkwah Oppong, M.; Unteroberdörster, M.; Müller, O.; Jabbarli, R.; Sure, U.; Zhu, Y.; El Hindy, N. "TET2 promotes methylation and TET2 protein expression in pediatric posterior fossa ependymoma." Neuropathology, 40(2): 138–143, 2020.
[11] Miari, K. E.; Guzman, M. L.; Wheadon, H.; Williams, M. T. S. "Macrophages in Acute Myeloid Leukaemia: Significant Players in Therapy Resistance and Patient Outcomes." Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, 9: 692800, 2021.
[12] Bowman, R. L.; Levine, R. L. "TET2 in Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis." Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine, 7(8), 2017.
[13] Yang, X.; Pui, M.; Wong, M.; Ng, R. K. "Molecular Sciences Aberrant DNA Methylation in Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Its Clinical Implications.", 2019.
[14] Ben-Batalla, I.; Vargas-Delgado, M. E.; Meier, L.; Loges, S. "Sexual dimorphism in solid and hematological malignancies." Seminars in Immunopathology, 41(2): 251–263, 2019.
[15] Stabellini, N.; Cullen, J.; Cao, L.; Shanahan, J.; Hamerschlak, N.; Waite, K.; Barnholtz-Sloan, J. S.; Montero, A. J. "Racial disparities in breast cancer treatment patterns and treatment related adverse events." Scientific Reports, 13(1), 2023.
[16] Kim, H. I.; Lim, H.; Moon, A. "Sex Differences in Cancer: Epidemiology, Genetics and Therapy." Biomolecules & Therapeutics, 26(4): 335–342, 2018.
[17] Herrmann, H.; Sadovnik, I.; Eisenwort, G.; Rülicke, T.; Blatt, K.; Herndlhofer, S.; Willmann, M.; Stefanzl, G.; Baumgartner, S.; Greiner, G.; Schulenburg, A.; Mueller, N.; Rabitsch, W.; Bilban, M.; Hoermann, G.; Streubel, B.; Vallera, D. A.; Sperr, W. R.; Valent, P. "Delineation of target expression profiles in CD34+/CD38- and CD34+/CD38+ stem and progenitor cells in AML and CML." Blood Advances, 4(20): 5118–5132, 2020.
[18] Singh, A.; Rappolee, D. A.; Ruden, D. M. "Epigenetic Reprogramming in Mice and Humans: From Fertilization to Primordial Germ Cell Development." Cells, 12(14): 1874, 2023.
[19] Wei, A. H.; Döhner, H.; Pocock, C.; Montesinos, P.; Afanasyev, B.; Dombret, H.; Ravandi, F.; Sayar, H.; Jang, J.-H.; Porkka, K.; Selleslag, D.; Sandhu, I.; Turgut, M.; Giai, V.; Ofran, Y.; Kizil Çakar, M.; Botelho de Sousa, A.; Rybka, J.; Frairia, C.; Roboz, G. J. "Oral Azacitidine Maintenance Therapy for Acute Myeloid Leukemia in First Remission." New England Journal of Medicine, 383(26): 2526–2537, 2020.
[20] Sileshi, B.; Urgessa, F.; Wordofa, M. "A comparative study of hematological parameters between hypertensive and normotensive individuals in Harar, eastern Ethiopia." PLOS ONE, 16(12): e0260751, 2021.
[21] Pelosi, E.; Castelli, G.; Testa, U. "CD123 a Therapeutic Target for Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Blastic Plasmocytoid Dendritic Neoplasm." International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(3), 2023.
[22] Yang, S. W.; Lee, Y. C.; Lee, Y. S.; Chang, L. C.; Lai, Y. R. "Risk assessment of malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia in patients with previous oral squamous cell carcinoma." International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 51(11): 1394–1400, 2022.
[23] Hamed, E. O.; El-Deen, A. F.; Hamed, E. O.; El-Deen, A. F. "Flow Cytometric Diagnosis of Acute Leukemia and Aberrant Antigen: Sohag University Experience." Open Journal of Blood Diseases, 8(2): 37–48, 2018.
[24] Sarma, A.; Hazarika, M.; Das, D.; Kumar Rai, A.; Sharma, J. D.; Bhuyan, C.; Kataki, A. C. "Expression of aberrant CD markers in acute leukemia: a study of 100 cases with immunophenotyping by multiparameter flowcytometry." Cancer Biomarkers, 15(4): 501–505, 2015.
[25] Jiang, Z.; Wu, D.; Lin, S.; Li, P. "CD34 and CD38 are prognostic biomarkers for acute B lymphoblastic leukemia." Biomarker Research, 4(1), 2016.
[26] Sharma, M.; Sachdeva, M.; Varma, N.; Varma, S.; Marwaha, R. "Characterization of immunophenotypic aberrancies in adult and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A study from Northern India." Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics, 12(2): 620–626, 2016.
[27] Al-Anizi, W.; Al-Mashta, M. R. "The frequency of aberrant lymphoid antigens expression in 202 Iraqi patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia." Iraqi Journal of Hematology, 6(2): 49, 2017.
[28] Hikmat, S.; Salih, Y.; Issa, Y. "Characterization of CD Marker Expression in Acute Myeloid Leukemia." Journal of Medical and Applied University Science, 15(2): 38–44, 2023.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Karar M. Jaleel, Risala H. Allami, Yasir W. Issa
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
.jpg)
